ʻO ka lā he hawewe electromagnetic, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka mālamalama ʻike a me ka mālamalama ʻike ʻole. ʻO ke kukui ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, e like me ke kukui anuenue ʻehiku ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli, indigo, a me ka viole i ka lā; ʻO ka mālamalama ʻike ʻole e pili ana i ka mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, e like me ka ultraviolet, infrared, etc. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ua haku ʻia ka lā keʻokeʻo i ʻehiku mau kala o nā kukui ʻike ʻia a me nā kukuna ultraviolet ʻike ʻole ʻia, nā kukui X, α, β, γ, nā kukui infrared, microwaves a me nā nalu hoʻolaha. He ʻokoʻa nā hana a me nā waiwai kino o kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o ka lā. I kēia manawa, e nā makamaka heluhelu, e ʻoluʻolu e hahai i ka mea kākau e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kukui ultraviolet.
Wahi a nā hopena olaola like ʻole, ua māhele ʻia nā kukuna ultraviolet i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e like me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu: UVA hawewe lōʻihi, UVB hawewe waena, UVC hawewe pōkole, a me UVD hawewe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hiki ke komo.
ʻO UVA ka nalu lōʻihi, me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 320 a 400 nm, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka hawewe ʻeleʻele lōʻihi i ka hopena o ka kukui ultraviolet. Loaʻa iā ia ka mana komo ikaika a hiki ke komo i ke aniani a hiki i ka 9 kapuaʻi o ka wai; noho ia a puni ka makahiki, ʻaʻole he ao a he lā, he lā a me ka pō.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 95% o nā kukuna ultraviolet e pili ana i ko mākou ʻili i kēlā me kēia lā he UVA. Hiki i ka UVA ke komo i loko o ka epidermis a hoʻouka i nā dermis, e hōʻeha nui i ka collagen a me ka elastin i ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama pono ʻana o nā cell dermal, no laila hiki i ka liʻiliʻi o UVA ke hōʻeha nui. I ka wā lōʻihi, hiki mai nā pilikia e like me ka ʻili o ka ʻili, nā wrinkles, a me ka puka ʻana o nā capillaries.
I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka tyrosinase, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka melanin a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka melanin hou, e ʻeleʻele ai ka ʻili a nele i ka luster. Hiki i ka UVA ke hōʻeha i ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻomau a mau loa a me ka ʻelemakule mua o ka ʻili, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia nā kukuna kahiko. No laila, ʻo UVA nō hoʻi ka nalu i ʻoi aku ka pōʻino i ka ʻili.
ʻElua ʻaoʻao nā mea a pau. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe, he hopena maikaʻi ka UVA. ʻO nā kukui ultraviolet UVA me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 360nm e kūlike me ka pale pane phototaxis o nā inike a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā pahele pepeke. ʻO nā kukui ultraviolet UVA me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 300-420nm hiki ke hele ma waena o nā kukui aniani tinted kūikawā e ʻoki loa i ke kukui ʻike ʻia, a hoʻomālamalama wale i ke kukui ultraviolet kokoke i 365nm. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻike oka, ka hoʻonaninani papa, ka nānā ʻana i ka banknote a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hawewe uila UVB, ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe 275 ~ 320nm, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hopena erythema hawewe uila ultraviolet. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke komo ʻana o UVA, ua manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa. ʻO kona lōʻihi hawewe pōkole e hoʻopili ʻia e ke aniani aniani. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kukui ultraviolet medium-wave i loko o ka lā e ka papa ozone. Ma lalo o 2% wale nō e hiki ke hōʻea i ka ʻili honua. E ikaika loa ia i ke kauwela a me ke awakea.
E like me ka UVA, e hoʻoheheʻe ia i ka pale lipid layer o ka epidermis, e hoʻomaloʻo i ka ʻili; Eia hou, e hoʻopau ia i nā ʻakika nucleic a me nā protein i loko o nā cell epidermal, e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka dermatitis acute (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻulaʻula), a ʻulaʻula ka ʻili. , eha. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, e like me ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka lā, hiki ke maʻalahi i ka maʻi kanesa ʻili. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka pōʻino lōʻihi mai UVB ke hoʻololi i nā melanocytes, e hoʻoulu ai i nā kiko o ka lā i paʻakikī ke hoʻopau.
Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ka poʻe ma o ka noiʻi ʻepekema he pono pū kekahi UVB. Hana ʻia nā kukui mālama olakino Ultraviolet a me nā kukui ulu ulu i ke aniani poni poni kūikawā (ʻaʻole e hoʻouna i ka mālamalama ma lalo o 254nm) a me nā phosphors me ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe kokoke i 300nm.
ʻO UVC pōkole pōkole, me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 200 ~ 275nm, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hawewe pōkole sterilizing kukui ultraviolet. Loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke komo nāwaliwali loa a ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i ke aniani a me nā plastics. Hiki i kahi ʻāpana pepa lahilahi ke ālai. ʻO nā kukuna ultraviolet hawewe pōkole i loko o ka lā ua aneane e komo piha ʻia e ka papa ozone ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka honua.
ʻOiai ʻo UVC i loko o ke ʻano e hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka ozone layer ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka honua, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kona hopena i ka ʻili, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā kukui ultraviolet pōkole ke hoʻomālamalama pololei i ke kino o ke kanaka. Inā hōʻike pololei ʻia, e wela ka ʻili i ka manawa pōkole, a hiki i ka wā lōʻihi a i ʻole ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa ʻili.
ʻO nā hopena o nā kukuna ultraviolet i ka hui UVC he nui loa. No ka laʻana: hoʻopuka nā kukui germicidal UVC i nā kukuna ultraviolet hawewe pōkole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka UV pōkole pōkole i nā haukapila, nā ʻōnaehana ea, nā keʻena disinfection, nā mea mālama wai, nā pūnāwai inu, nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, nā loko ʻauʻau, nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu a me nā lako paʻi, nā hale meaʻai, nā hale hana hoʻonaninani, nā hale hana waiu, nā breweries, hale hana inu, Wahi e like me na hale bake a me na keena waiho anu.
I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana,ʻo nā mea maikaʻi o ke kukui ultraviolet: 1. Disinfection a sterilization; 2. Hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi; 3. Maikaʻi no ke kala koko; 4. I kekahi manawa, hiki iā ia ke mālama i kekahi mau maʻi ʻili; 5. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka metabolism mineral a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka vitamina D i ke kino; 6. , paipai i ka ulu mea kanu, etc.
ʻO nā pōʻino o nā kukuna ultraviolet: 1. ʻO ka hoʻolaha pololei ʻana e hoʻoulu ai ka ʻili a me nā wrinkles; 2. Na kiko ili; 3. Dermatitis; 4. Hiki ke ho'oulu i ka ma'i 'ili no ka manawa lō'ihi a me ka nui.
Pehea e pale aku ai i ka pōʻino o nā kukuna ultraviolet UVC i ke kino kanaka? No ka mea, he nāwaliwali loa ke komo ʻana o nā kukuna ultraviolet UVC, hiki ke paʻa loa ʻia lākou e nā aniani aniani maʻamau, nā lole, nā ʻili, nā lepo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ka uhi ʻana i kou ʻili i ʻike ʻia me nā lole e like me ka hiki, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i kou mau maka a me kou ʻili mai UV
He mea pono ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka ʻike pōkole i nā kukuna ultraviolet e like me ka ʻike ʻana i ka lā wela. ʻAʻole ia e pōʻino i ke kino o ke kanaka akā he pono. Hiki i nā kukui ultraviolet UVB ke hoʻoikaika i ka metabolism mineral a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka huaʻa D i ke kino.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hawewe hawewe UVD he hawewe nalu o 100-200nm, hiki ke hoʻolaha wale ʻia i loko o ka vacuum a nāwaliwali loa ka hiki ke komo. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka oxygen i ka lewa i loko o ka ozone, i kapa ʻia he laina ozone generation, ʻaʻole ia i loko o ke ʻano kūlohelohe kahi e noho ai nā kānaka.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-22-2024