ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka wai i hoʻopau ʻia e nā poʻe o ka moku he hana koʻikoʻi a paʻakikī, e hōʻoia ana i ka palekana a me ke olakino o kā lākou wai inu. Eia kekahi mau hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui a me nā ʻanuʻu:
ʻO kekahi, Sea wai desalination
No nā moku holo moana, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai maʻemaʻe i lawe ʻia, koi ʻia ka ʻenehana desalination wai kai e loaʻa ai ka wai hou. Aia ka nui o nā ʻano ʻenehana desalination wai kai:
- Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana:
ʻO ka distillation kaomi lalo: Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe o ke kaomi lalo, haʻahaʻa ka helu heheʻe o ke kai. Ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana e mahu ka wai a hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai hou. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā moku ukana a hiki ke hoʻohua maikaʻi i ka wai maʻemaʻe, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he wai kūloko no ka mea ʻaʻohe minerale kēia ʻano wai.
- ʻO ke ala osmosis hoʻohuli:
E hoʻokuʻu i ka wai kai i loko o kahi membrane permeable kūikawā, hiki i nā molekole wai ke hele i loko, ʻoiai ka paʻakai a me nā minela ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai kai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano kaiapuni a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā moku a me nā mea lawe mokulele, a hoʻopuka i ka wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe kūpono no ka inu ʻana.
ʻO ka lua, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe
No ka wai maʻemaʻe i loaʻa a mālama ʻia paha ma nā moku, pono e mālama hou ʻia e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka wai:
- kānana:
- Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi kānana membrane kānana microporous hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi pahu kānana 0.45μm, e wehe i nā colloids a me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi mai ka wai.
- ʻO nā kānana lehulehu e like me nā kapuahi kī uila (me nā kānana kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, nā kānana ultrafiltration, nā kānana reverse osmosis, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) kānana hou a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o ka wai inu.
- Disinfect:
- UV sterilization: Ke hoʻohana nei i ka ikehu o nā kiʻi ultraviolet e hoʻopau i ke ʻano DNA o nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole, bacteria, a me nā pathogens ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai, e hoʻoneʻe ai i ko lākou hiki ke hana hou a hana hou, e loaʻa ai ka hopena sterilization.
- Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano disinfection ʻē aʻe e like me ka chlorine disinfection a me ka ozone disinfection, ma muli o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o ka moku.
Ultraviolet sterilizer
ʻO ke kolu, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu wai ʻē aʻe
Ma nā kūlana kūikawā, e like me ka lawa ʻole o nā waihona wai hou a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopiha hou ʻia i ka manawa kūpono, hiki i nā poʻe holo moku ke hana i nā hana ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ai nā kumu wai:
- ʻOhi wai ua: E ʻohi i ka wai ua ma ke ʻano he kumu wai hou, akā e makaʻala hiki ke lawe i ka wai ua i nā mea haumia a pono e mālama pono ʻia ma mua o ka inu ʻana.
- Hana wai ea: Wehe i ka mahu wai mai ka lewa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ea i ka mīkini wai a hoʻololi iā ia i wai inu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana i nā kaiapuni me ka haʻahaʻa moana kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki ke kaupalena ʻia e nā mea hana a me ka pono.
ʻEhā, Pono ka nānā ʻana i nā mea
- E hōʻoia nā lālā o ka ʻauamo i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻana o ke kumu wai ma mua o ka inu ʻana i ka wai.
- E nānā a mālama mau i nā lako hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e hōʻoia i ka hana kūpono a me ka kānana pono.
- I nā kūlana i hiki ʻole ke hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka wai, pono e pale ʻia ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana i nā kumu wai i mālama ʻole ʻia e like me ka hiki.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka wai i hoʻopau ʻia e nā poʻe holo moku e pili ana i nā pae he nui e like me ka desalination o ke kai, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu wai ʻē aʻe, me ka manaʻo e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka wai a me ke olakino o nā poʻe ma o nā ʻano ʻenehana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-24-2024